Nintendo Entertainment System (nes)

Nintendo Entertainment System (nes) – This article is about the history of the console. For a general overview of the system itself, see Nintdo tertainmt System.

The history of the Nintdo tertainmt system (NES) spans the 1982 development of the Family Computer, to the 1985 launch of the NES, to Nintdo’s rise to global dominance based on this platform during the late 1980s. The Family Computer (Japanese: ファイドクックット, Hepburn: Famirī Konpyūta ) or Famicom (ファミコン , Famikon ) was developed in 1982 and launched in Japan in 19883. After the North American video game crash of 1983, the Famicom was adapted into the NES which launched in North America in 1985. Transitioning the company from its arcade game history to this combined global 8-bit home video game console platform, the Famicom and NES continued to compete aggressively with the next generation of 16-bit consoles, including the Sega Gesis. The platform was succeeded by the Super Famicom in 1990 and the Super Nintdo tertainmt system in 1991, but its support and production continued until 1995. Interest in the NES was regained by collectors and emulators, including Nintdo’s own Virtual Console platform .

Nintendo Entertainment System (nes)

The video game industry experienced a period of rapid growth and unprecedented popularity during the late 1970s to early 1980s, with the golden age of arcade video games and the second generation of video game consoles: Space Invaders (1978) and its shoot-em-up clones became a phomal success across arcades worldwide,

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Game consoles such as the Atari 2600 and the Intellivision became popular in North American homes, and the Epoch Cassette Vision became the best-selling console in Japan.

The inspiration for the Famicom hardware was arcade video game hardware. A major influence was Namco’s Galaxian (1979), which replaced the more intensive bitmap rendering system of Space Invaders with a hardware sprite rendering system that animated sprites over a scrolling background, providing more detailed graphics, faster gameplay and a scrolling enable animated starfish field background. . It laid the foundation for Nintdo’s Radar Scope (1980) arcade hardware, which they co-developed with Ikegami Tsushinki, and improved on Galaxian with technology such as high-speed emitter-coupled logic (ECL) integrated circuit (IC) chips and memory on ‘ A 50 MHz printed circuit board. After the commercial failure of Radar Scope, the game’s arcade hardware was converted for use with Donkey Kong (1981), which became a huge arcade hit. At the time, home systems weren’t powerful enough to handle an accurate port of Donkey Kong, so Nintdo wanted to create a system to play a fully accurate conversion of Donkey Kong in homes.

Led by Masayuki Uemura, Nintdo’s R&D2 team began work on a home system in 1982, ambitiously aiming to be less expensive than its competitors, yet with performance that could not be surpassed by its competitors for at least a year not.

Uemura analyzed the insides of competing consoles, including the Atari 2600 and Magnavox Odyssey, and sidestepped their primitive technology.

Nintendo Entertainment System (nes)

Their main competition was the Epoch Cassette Vision, the best selling console in Japan at the time, with Nintdo president Hiroshi Yamauchi telling employees he wanted them to develop a console more powerful and cheaper than the Cassette Vision.

Nintdo R&D2 engineer Katsuya Nakakawa analyzed the IC chips of the more powerful Donkey Kong arcade hardware and concluded that it would be possible to use it as the basis for their console.

Another Nintdo R&D2 engineer, Takao Sawano, suggested that the D-pad of Nintdo’s Game & Watch handhelds should be adapted for the console.

Meanwhile, in North America, the toy manufacturer Coleco was working on a new home console to compete with the Atari 2600 and which would be able to handle fairly accurate ports of arcade games. Coleco demonstrated a prototype of the ColecoVision to Nintdo R&D2 engineers, who were impressed by the smooth animated graphics. This left a strong impression on Sawano and Uemara, who had the ColecoVision in mind while working on Nintdo’s new console in Japan. Although the ColecoVision was a significant improvement over the Atari 2600, there was still no console comparable to the original Donkey Kong arcade hardware.

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Uemura met engineers Katsuya Nakakawa and Masahiro Ootake to meet with Ricoh, a semiconductor manufacturer that had previously worked with Nintdo on arcade games. One of Ricoh’s supervisors was Hiromitsu Yagi, a former Mitsubishi Electronics engineer who had previously designed the large-scale integration (LSI) chips for the Nintdo Color TV-Game consoles in the 1970s. To determine the system specifications of the new console, Nakakawa and Masahiro brought along a Donkey Kong arcade machine for Ricoh to analyze, to help build a console that was more powerful than any consoles at the time and that would be comparable to the Donkey Kong arcade hardware.

Uemura initially thought of using a modern 16-bit central processing unit (CPU), but instead decided on an 8-bit CPU based on the inexpensive MOS Technology 6502, and supplemented it with a custom graphics chip, the Picture Processing Unit, manufactured by Ricoh.

To reduce costs, proposals to include a keyboard, modem and floppy disk drive were rejected, but extensive circuitry was added to provide a versatile 15-pin expansion port connector on the front of the console for future add-on functions such as peripherals. The keyboard, Famicom modem, and Famicom disk system would later be released as additional peripherals, all using the Famicom expansion port. Other peripherals connected via the expansion port would include the Famicom Light Gun, Family Trainer and various specialized controllers. Many will only be released in Japan, such as the Famicom 3D System and Famicom Disk System.

The wireless broadcast feature of the TV Tnis Electrotnis (1975) led Nintdo designer Masayuki Uemura to consider adding that capability to the Famicom. He ended up not pursuing it to keep system costs down.

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Nintdo held its own exhibition to unveil the Famicom, which became a sensation among toy show exhibitors. Shortly after, the competing SG-1000 was unveiled at the Tokyo Toy Show.

Or equivalent to $460.00 in 2023). Its launch game list is Donkey Kong, Donkey Kong Junior and Popeye. The console itself is intentionally designed to look like a toy, with a bright red-and-white color scheme and two hardwired gamepads stored visibly on the sides of the unit.

And froze during gameplay. After tracing the problem to a faulty circuit, Nintdo voluntarily recalled all Famicom systems just before the holiday shopping season and temporarily suspended production of the system while the concerns were addressed, costing Nintdo millions of dollars. The Famicom was subsequently reissued with a new motherboard.

The Famicom easily outsold its primary competitor, the SG-1000. By the end of 1984, Nintdo had sold over 2.5 million Famicoms in the Japanese market.

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Sales exceeded Nintdo’s expectations, causing the Famicom to sell out, so Nintdo raised projections and increased production for the following year.

Nintdo planned to be the exclusive supplier of Famicom games during its launch year. Major arcade developer Namco approached Nintdo about Famicom development as they had no way to manufacture cartridges. They contracted a 30% fee to Nintdo per game sold, consisting of 10% as a license fee for the console, and 20% as the production cost of new cartridges. By 1984, third-party Famicom games were being published. This 30% fee became a de facto standard in console and storefront licensing for video game publishing throughout the 2010s.

In the early 80s, Atari was debating whether to go with the internally developed successor to the 2600 or a new console that Nintdo wanted us to market. Unfortunately it was my decision not to use the Nintdo system.

Buoyed by its success in Japan, Nintdo soon turned its attention to foreign markets. As a new console manufacturer, Nintdo had to convince a skeptical public to embrace its system. Around this time, Nintdo negotiated with Atari to release the Famicom outside of Japan

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Although the two companies reached a tentative agreement, with final contract documents to be signed at the 1983 Summer Consumer Electronics Show (CES), Atari refused to sign at the last minute after seeing Coleco, one of its main competitors. in the market. time,

Demonstrates a prototype of Donkey Kong for his upcoming Coleco Adam home computer system. Coleco licensed Donkey Kong for the ColecoVision home console, but Atari held the exclusive PC license for the game. Although the game was originally produced for the ColecoVision and thus automatically playable on the backwards compatible Adam PC, Atari took the demo as a sign that Nintdo was also dealing with Coleco. Although the issue was cleared up within a month, Atari’s financial problems stemming from the North American video game crash of 1983 coupled with the departure of Atari’s CEO Ray Kassar prevented the company from closing the deal in time carry out to achieve the target. introduction.

The Famicom hardware first made its North American debut in the arcades, in the form of the Nintdo VS. System in 1984; the system’s success in arcades paved the way for the official release of the NES console.

After the video game crash of 1983, many American retailers viewed video games as a passing fad, and significantly reduced or

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